Document Title: Hamilton and Burr’s Duel Correspondence

Authors: Aaron Burr, Alexander Hamilton, Van Ness

Date of Origin: June 18, 1804

Document Source: Wikisource

Link: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hamilton%E2%80%93Burr_duel_correspondences

 

Burr to Hamilton, June 18, 1804

N York 18 June 1804

Sir,

I send for your perusal a letter signed Ch. D. Cooper which, though apparently published some time ago, has but very recently come to my knowledge. Mr. Van Ness, who does me the favor to deliver this, will point out to you that clause of the letter to which I particularly request your attention.

You must perceive, Sir, the necessity of a prompt and unqualified acknowledgement or denial of the use of any expressions which could warrant the assertions of Dr. Cooper.

I have the honor to be
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Burr

 

Hamilton to Burr, June 20, 1804

N York 20 June 1804

Sir:

I have maturely reflected on the subject of your letter of the 18th Instant, and the more I have reflected, the more I have become convinced that I could not without manifest impropriety make the avowal or disavowal which you seem to think necessary.

The clause pointed out by Mr. Van Ness is in these terms: “I could detail to you a still more despicable opinion which General Hamilton has expressed of Mr. Burr.” To endeavor to discover the meaning of this declaration, I was obliged to seek in the antecedent part of the letter for the opinion to which it referred, as having been already disclosed. I found it in these words: “Genl. Hamilton and Judge Kent have declared in substance that they looked upon Mr. Burr to be a dangerous man, and one who ought not to be trusted with the reins of Government.” The language of Dr. Cooper plainly implies that he considered this opinion of you, which he attributes to me, as a despicable one; but he affirms that I have expressed some other still more despicable; without, however, mentioning to whom, when or where. ‘Tis evident that the phrase “still more despicable” admits of infinite shades from very light to very dark. How am I to judge of the degree intended. Or how should I annex any precise idea to language so vague?

Between Gentlemen despicable and still more despicable are not worth the pains of a distinction. When, therefore, you do not interrogate me as to the opinion which is specifically ascribed to me, I must conclude that you view it as within the limits to which the animadversions of political opponents, upon each other, may justifiably extend; and consequently as not warranting the idea of it which Dr. Cooper appears to entertain. If so, what precise inference could you draw as a guide for your future conduct, were I to acknowledge that I had expressed an opinion of you, still more despicable than the one which is particularized? How could you be sure that even this opinion had exceeded the bounds which you would yourself deem admissible between political opponents?

But I forbear further comment on the embarrassment to which the requisition you have made naturally leads. The occasion forbids a more ample illustration, though nothing would be more easy than to pursue it.

Repeating that I can not reconcile it with propriety to make the acknowledgment or denial you desire, I will add that I deem it inadmissible on principle, to consent to be interrogated as to the justness of the inferences which may be drawn by others, from whatever I may have said of a political opponent in the course of a fifteen years competition. If there were no other objection to it, this is sufficient, that it would tend to expose my sincerity and delicacy to injurious imputations from every person who may at any time have conceived that import of my expressions differently from what I may then have intended, or may afterwards recollect.

I stand ready to avow or disavow promptly and explicitly any precise or definite opinion which I may be charged with having declared to any gentleman. More than this can not fitly be expected from me; and especially it can not reasonably be expected that I shall enter into an explanation upon a basis so vague as that which you have adopted. I trust upon more reflection you will see the matter in the same light with me. If not, I can only regret the circumstances and must abide the consequences.

The publication of Dr. Cooper was never seen by me ‘till after the receipt of your letter.

Sir, I have the honor to be
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Hamilton

 

Burr to Hamilton, June 21, 1804

N York 21 June, 1804.

Sir,

Your letter of the 20th inst. has been this day received. Having considered it attentively, I regret to find in it nothing of that sincerity and delicacy which you profess to value.

Political opposition can never absolve gentlemen from the necessity of a rigid adherence to the laws of honor and the rules of decorum. I neither claim such privilege nor indulge it in others.

The common sense of mankind affixes to the epithet adopted by Dr. Cooper the idea of dishonor. It has been publicly applied to me under the sanction of your name. The question is not whether he has understood the meaning of the word or has used it according to syntax and with grammatical accuracy, but whether you have authorized this application either directly or by uttering expression or opinion derogatory to my honor. The time “when” is in your own knowledge but no way material to me, as the calumny has now just been disclosed so as to become the subject of my notice and as the effect is present and palpable.

Your letter has furnished me with new reasons for requiring a definite reply.

I have the honor to be
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Burr

Hamilton to Burr, June 22, 1804

N York 22 June 1804

Sir,

Your first letter, in a style too peremptory, made a demand, in my opinion, unprecedented and unwarrantable. My answer, pointing out the embarrassment, gave you an opportunity to take a less exceptionable course. You have not chosen to do it, but by your last letter, received this day, containing expressions indecorous and improper, you have increased the difficulties to explanation, intrinsically incident to the nature of your application.

If by a “definite reply” you mean the direct avowal or disavowal required in your first letter, I have no other answer to give than that which has already been given. If you mean anything different admitting of greater latitude, it is requisite you should explain.

I have the honor to be, Sir
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Hamilton

Van Ness to Pendleton, June 26, 1804

Sir,

The letter which you yesterday delivered me and your subsequent communication in Col. Burr’s opinion evince no disposition on the part of Genl. Hamilton to come to a satisfactory accommodation. The injury complained of and the reparation expected are so definitely expressed in his (Col. B.’s) letter of the 21st Inst. that there is not perceived a necessity for further explanation on his part. The difficulty that would result from confining the inquiry to any particular times and occasions must be manifest. The denial of a specified conversation only, would leave strong implications that on other occasions improper language had been used. When and where injurious expressions and opinions have been uttered by Genl. Hamilton must be best known to him and of him only does Col. Burr think it proper to enquire.

No denial or declaration will be satisfactory unless it be general so as to wholly exclude the idea that rumors derogatory to Col. Burr’s honor can have originated with Genl. Hamilton or have been fairly inferred from anything he has said. A definite reply to a requisition of this nature is demanded in Col. Burr’s letter of the 21st Inst. This being refused, invites the alternative alluded to in Genl. H.’s letter of the 20th Inst. It was demanded by the position in which the controversy was placed by Genl. H. on the 22nd Inst., and I was immediately furnished with a communication demanding a personal interview.

The necessity of this measure has not in the opinion of Col. Burr been diminished by the General’s last letter or any subsequent communication which has been received and I am again instructed to deliver you a message as soon as it may be convenient for you to receive it. I beg, therefore, you will have the politeness to inform me at what hour I shall wait on you.

Your most obt. & very hum. Servt.

W. P. Van Ness

Title: Hamilton and Burr’s Duel Correspondence

Author: Alexander Hamilton, Burr

Origin: Wikisource

Link to Origin: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hamilton%E2%80%93Burr_duel_correspondences

Date of Origin: June 18, 1804

N York 18 June 1804

Sir,

I send for your perusal a letter signed Ch. D. Cooper which, though apparently published some time ago, has but very recently come to my knowledge. Mr. Van Ness, who does me the favor to deliver this, will point out to you that clause of the letter to which I particularly request your attention.

You must perceive, Sir, the necessity of a prompt and unqualified acknowledgement or denial of the use of any expressions which could warrant the assertions of Dr. Cooper.

I have the honor to be
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Burr

Hamilton to Burr, June 20, 1804[edit]

N York 20 June 1804

Sir:

I have maturely reflected on the subject of your letter of the 18th Instant, and the more I have reflected, the more I have become convinced that I could not without manifest impropriety make the avowal or disavowal which you seem to think necessary.

The clause pointed out by Mr. Van Ness is in these terms: “I could detail to you a still more despicable opinion which General Hamilton has expressed of Mr. Burr.” To endeavor to discover the meaning of this declaration, I was obliged to seek in the antecedent part of the letter for the opinion to which it referred, as having been already disclosed. I found it in these words: “Genl. Hamilton and Judge Kent have declared in substance that they looked upon Mr. Burr to be a dangerous man, and one who ought not to be trusted with the reins of Government.” The language of Dr. Cooper plainly implies that he considered this opinion of you, which he attributes to me, as a despicable one; but he affirms that I have expressed some other still more despicable; without, however, mentioning to whom, when or where. ‘Tis evident that the phrase “still more despicable” admits of infinite shades from very light to very dark. How am I to judge of the degree intended. Or how should I annex any precise idea to language so vague?

Between Gentlemen despicable and still more despicable are not worth the pains of a distinction. When, therefore, you do not interrogate me as to the opinion which is specifically ascribed to me, I must conclude that you view it as within the limits to which the animadversions of political opponents, upon each other, may justifiably extend; and consequently as not warranting the idea of it which Dr. Cooper appears to entertain. If so, what precise inference could you draw as a guide for your future conduct, were I to acknowledge that I had expressed an opinion of you, still more despicable than the one which is particularized? How could you be sure that even this opinion had exceeded the bounds which you would yourself deem admissible between political opponents?

But I forbear further comment on the embarrassment to which the requisition you have made naturally leads. The occasion forbids a more ample illustration, though nothing would be more easy than to pursue it.

Repeating that I can not reconcile it with propriety to make the acknowledgment or denial you desire, I will add that I deem it inadmissible on principle, to consent to be interrogated as to the justness of the inferences which may be drawn by others, from whatever I may have said of a political opponent in the course of a fifteen years competition. If there were no other objection to it, this is sufficient, that it would tend to expose my sincerity and delicacy to injurious imputations from every person who may at any time have conceived that import of my expressions differently from what I may then have intended, or may afterwards recollect.

I stand ready to avow or disavow promptly and explicitly any precise or definite opinion which I may be charged with having declared to any gentleman. More than this can not fitly be expected from me; and especially it can not reasonably be expected that I shall enter into an explanation upon a basis so vague as that which you have adopted. I trust upon more reflection you will see the matter in the same light with me. If not, I can only regret the circumstances and must abide the consequences.

The publication of Dr. Cooper was never seen by me ‘till after the receipt of your letter.

Sir, I have the honor to be
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Hamilton

Burr to Hamilton, June 21, 1804[edit]

N York 21 June, 1804.

Sir,

Your letter of the 20th inst. has been this day received. Having considered it attentively, I regret to find in it nothing of that sincerity and delicacy which you profess to value.

Political opposition can never absolve gentlemen from the necessity of a rigid adherence to the laws of honor and the rules of decorum. I neither claim such privilege nor indulge it in others.

The common sense of mankind affixes to the epithet adopted by Dr. Cooper the idea of dishonor. It has been publicly applied to me under the sanction of your name. The question is not whether he has understood the meaning of the word or has used it according to syntax and with grammatical accuracy, but whether you have authorized this application either directly or by uttering expression or opinion derogatory to my honor. The time “when” is in your own knowledge but no way material to me, as the calumny has now just been disclosed so as to become the subject of my notice and as the effect is present and palpable.

Your letter has furnished me with new reasons for requiring a definite reply.

I have the honor to be
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Burr

Hamilton to Burr, June 22, 1804[edit]

N York 22 June 1804

Sir,

Your first letter, in a style too peremptory, made a demand, in my opinion, unprecedented and unwarrantable. My answer, pointing out the embarrassment, gave you an opportunity to take a less exceptionable course. You have not chosen to do it, but by your last letter, received this day, containing expressions indecorous and improper, you have increased the difficulties to explanation, intrinsically incident to the nature of your application.

If by a “definite reply” you mean the direct avowal or disavowal required in your first letter, I have no other answer to give than that which has already been given. If you mean anything different admitting of greater latitude, it is requisite you should explain.

I have the honor to be, Sir
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Hamilton

Van Ness to Pendleton, June 26, 1804[edit]

Sir,

The letter which you yesterday delivered me and your subsequent communication in Col. Burr’s opinion evince no disposition on the part of Genl. Hamilton to come to a satisfactory accommodation. The injury complained of and the reparation expected are so definitely expressed in his (Col. B.’s) letter of the 21st Inst. that there is not perceived a necessity for further explanation on his part. The difficulty that would result from confining the inquiry to any particular times and occasions must be manifest. The denial of a specified conversation only, would leave strong implications that on other occasions improper language had been used. When and where injurious expressions and opinions have been uttered by Genl. Hamilton must be best known to him and of him only does Col. Burr think it proper to enquire.

No denial or declaration will be satisfactory unless it be general so as to wholly exclude the idea that rumors derogatory to Col. Burr’s honor can have originated with Genl. Hamilton or have been fairly inferred from anything he has said. A definite reply to a requisition of this nature is demanded in Col. Burr’s letter of the 21st Inst. This being refused, invites the alternative alluded to in Genl. H.’s letter of the 20th Inst. It was demanded by the position in which the controversy was placed by Genl. H. on the 22nd Inst., and I was immediately furnished with a communication demanding a personal interview.

The necessity of this measure has not in the opinion of Col. Burr been diminished by the General’s last letter or any subsequent communication which has been received and I am again instructed to deliver you a message as soon as it may be convenient for you to receive it. I beg, therefore, you will have the politeness to inform me at what hour I shall wait on you.

Your most obt. & very hum. Servt.

W. P. Van Ness

During the Fall semester I had the opportunity to take English 1101 with Dr. Sturm who was a new teacher at the time. Believe it or not, it was one of my favorite classes because I was allowed to collect information and form my own opinion and thoughts on topics. Also, I was allowed to be creative and express myself on assignments and in the classroom. It was very different from the Calculus and Chemistry courses that I also took where I had to accept everything I was taught as fact. The course reminded me of English class in high school where the greatest takeaway was the insightful class discussions on books, prompts and current events. My favorite kind of communication is speaking because I find it an innate and powerful form of communication for people. I struggle the most with communication through my writing, I am looking to improve my ability to write over the semester because it is a necessary and unavoidable skill.

 

I am very familiar with the play Hamilton, in fact I know several people who have watched the production with the original cast. In addition, I have been outside the theater where Hamilton is orchestrated and have seen Lin Manuel and some of the other cast members in front of the theater. I have a general understanding of Hamilton, that it is a musical that follows the life of Hamilton. I enjoy musicals and particularly enjoy when the cast members in a musical sing together much like a choir. Hip-hop is one of my most favorite genres of music because my parents introduced me to it when I was around 3. I grew up on hip-hop music.

 

Also, I am from Brooklyn.

My name is Moses Sghayyer and I just finished my first year at Georgia Tech. I am in the 3-2 program and completed an Applied Math major at Emory. At Georgia Tech, I am working towards a degree in Biomedical Engineering and anticipate to graduate in May 2019. I am in the in-person course on Tuesdays and Thursdays and my other obligations this summer include two biomedical engineering courses.

At Emory, I took a course called the Sociology of Happiness as my English course. We journaled a lot and I got to channel in my emotions for the day through this writing. We spoke about injustice in the world and the importance to remain happy and optimistic. We also spent a lot of class time with animals and in nature in order to find happiness in our surroundings. I have not taken any English courses at Georgia Tech yet. Although I do enjoy communicating verbally, I did struggle with communicating through lengthy essays. I hope to improve this skill during this class as I will try my best to combine my personal opinions with research online to produce well written pieces.

Although I have heard of Hamilton before, I have never seen it or listened to any of the music. I have heard of people going to an expensive show but I never looked into what the story was about. This is because although I love movies, I have never really been a fan of musicals due to the breaks in a story’s plot. When things get intense, the cast breaks into a 5 minute song! I love music and I love film, but I do not know if their union is my favorite thing. I am excited to learn about musicals during this class though and give them a chance! Finally, a fun fact about me is that I love soccer and my favorite player is Mohammed Salah!

 

By: Kelton Dawson

  0My name is Kelton Dawson I’m a business major and I’m anticipated to graduate in the year 2021. I’m from Stockbridge Ga, I don’t really have any summer activities because my time is filled up with football and working out.

My previous experiences with English courses aren’t too bad, but I have noticed that I struggle with the writing part of the communication element. I enjoy the nonverbal element the most because you can be able to understand things and think harder about things that don’t use words. I enjoy that because it makes you work harder to find the exact meaning.  I want to improve more than just the writing element I also would like to improve my oral communication also.

I have never had an experience anything with this course theme, and I have never heard or seen Hamilton. I have no idea on what Hamilton did in the past but from the previous few days of class I can see that he was great man that went through a lot to get to the level he was at. I don’t dislike musical but they are not my most fav thing to focus on. I love hip hop though that is the only thing I listen to I don’t listen to anything.

Outside of class, I grew up in Atlanta and I have played football since I can remember at the age of six years old. I grew up playing football and basketball. People would be surprised at how much football and school are very much alike.

I am very interested in taking this course and finding out more things that I lack knowledge about. I also want to learn how music and the other different deal with this course and theme.

 

Hi everyone! My name is Avery Showell, an business adminsistration major. If i stay on the expected graduation course I am on now I will graduate in 2021. I am currently enrolled in the in-person section of the English 1101 summer course.

To be honest, this is my second time taking English 1102 after dropping it my second semester enrolled at Tech. With my previous history of the course I have a little familiarity with WOVEN text and the different types of modes. The most enjoyable part of communication to me would probably be verbal because it is the most straight forward and easy to understand. On the other hand, the most challenging would probably have to be nonverbal. Mostly because sometimes you have to decipher the meanings of different topics and ideas from using confusing documents. With that being a struggle I would hope to improve on it and be fluent in that area of WOVEN.

Before enrolling in this course I was very unfamiliar with the theme and am still learning the basic concepts of the theme. Hamilton seems to be a classic that I have never heard about but I am sure it will prove to be enjoyable. i don not watch musicals but hip hop is a part of my everyday life so I am confident that I will find something to relate to.

Outside of class, I am a safety for the Georgia Tech football team and and a Red-shirt Freshman. I grew up in Atlanta and have played football since the time I can remember at seven years old. I grew up playing football, basketball, baseball, and I also ran track. Being able to juggle multiple responsibilities has always been a task for me so this class should help bring interest to having to multi task.

 

Hello, my name is TK Chimedza. I am a Business Administration major. I plan on graduating in 2021, but due to possible internships or job opportunities, I may graduate in 2022. I am a member of the Georgia Tech Football team. I love almost anything associated with athletics. As far as English, I do enjoy reading Greek Mythology. I am not a big fan of digging deep into all the aspects of certain literatures which were taught to me in the past.

 

Of course I am attending English 1102 this summer, but I am also taking HIST 2112 B and AMC CS. I am an in class student for the English 1102 course. If I were not a part of the Football team, I probably would have been an online student.

 

As far as WOVEN goes, I am pretty good with oral communication. I find it easy to translate or convey a certain message by talking about it. Where I am most inefficient is in the electronic communication of WOVEN. Using different platforms such as prezi or making a pecha kucha are very hard for me to comprehend myself, so trying to find a way to have someone else also comprehend is very hard for me. When took English 1101 last semester, I made a small improvement in my electronic communication but the progress wasn’t enough for me to successfully complete something like a presentation. With the major annotation project this semester, I plan on improving my skill level with electronic communication.

 

Until this class I have never heard of the Alexander Hamilton musical. I am interested in seeing if it is like most musicals or if it is unique and has its own creativity. I never really liked musicals, I always thought they were corny and the characters would always start singing at the wrong or most predictable times.

 

 

 

Title: Letter from Hamilton to Burr

Date: June 20, 1804

Author: Alexander Hamilton

Link: <https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hamilton%E2%80%93Burr_duel_correspondences>

I found this article using the sixth link provided in the assignment document. It is a link to a wikipedia page containing a few letters between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton, and one between their assistants, Van Ness and Pendleton.

 

Why did I choose this?:

At first going through all of my options on primary sources, this letter was my last choice because it made absolutely no sense to me. I did not know what Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr were arguing about. I quickly moved on to primary sources that did not seem to be as complicated. After finding no clear winner that caught my eye, I returned to the letters between Burr and Alexander once more purely out of curiosity. I began to look up the definition of a duel and researching other pieces of the letters until 15 min laters, five articles deep, I realized I was doing exactly what this project required. This letter is the perfect primary source to annotate because the entire document requires background information in order to grasp it. It is also very interesting and involves the protagonist and antagonist of Hamilton the play, making it very relevant to this class’s readings and main focus, Hamilton the play.

Original Text:

N York 20 June 1804

Sir:

I have maturely reflected on the subject of your letter of the 18th Instant, and the more I have reflected, the more I have become convinced that I could not without manifest impropriety make the avowal or disavowal which you seem to think necessary.

The clause pointed out by Mr. Van Ness is in these terms: “I could detail to you a still more despicable opinion which General Hamilton has expressed of Mr. Burr.” To endeavor to discover the meaning of this declaration, I was obliged to seek in the antecedent part of the letter for the opinion to which it referred, as having been already disclosed. I found it in these words: “Genl. Hamilton and Judge Kent have declared in substance that they looked upon Mr. Burr to be a dangerous man, and one who ought not to be trusted with the reins of Government.” The language of Dr. Cooper plainly implies that he considered this opinion of you, which he attributes to me, as a despicable one; but he affirms that I have expressed some other still more despicable; without, however, mentioning to whom, when or where. ‘Tis evident that the phrase “still more despicable” admits of infinite shades from very light to very dark. How am I to judge of the degree intended. Or how should I annex any precise idea to language so vague?

Between Gentlemen despicable and still more despicable are not worth the pains of a distinction. When, therefore, you do not interrogate me as to the opinion which is specifically ascribed to me, I must conclude that you view it as within the limits to which the animadversions of political opponents, upon each other, may justifiably extend; and consequently as not warranting the idea of it which Dr. Cooper appears to entertain. If so, what precise inference could you draw as a guide for your future conduct, were I to acknowledge that I had expressed an opinion of you, still more despicable than the one which is particularized? How could you be sure that even this opinion had exceeded the bounds which you would yourself deem admissible between political opponents?

But I forbear further comment on the embarrassment to which the requisition you have made naturally leads. The occasion forbids a more ample illustration, though nothing would be more easy than to pursue it.

Repeating that I can not reconcile it with propriety to make the acknowledgment or denial you desire, I will add that I deem it inadmissible on principle, to consent to be interrogated as to the justness of the inferences which may be drawn by others, from whatever I may have said of a political opponent in the course of a fifteen years competition. If there were no other objection to it, this is sufficient, that it would tend to expose my sincerity and delicacy to injurious imputations from every person who may at any time have conceived that import of my expressions differently from what I may then have intended, or may afterwards recollect.

I stand ready to avow or disavow promptly and explicitly any precise or definite opinion which I may be charged with having declared to any gentleman. More than this can not fitly be expected from me; and especially it can not reasonably be expected that I shall enter into an explanation upon a basis so vague as that which you have adopted. I trust upon more reflection you will see the matter in the same light with me. If not, I can only regret the circumstances and must abide the consequences.

The publication of Dr. Cooper was never seen by me ‘till after the receipt of your letter.

Sir, I have the honor to be
Your Obdt. S^t

A. Hamilton

 

Hi guys!

My name is Karl Risley and I am a second year Aerospace Major hoping to graduate in May 2021, but we all know that’s probably not gonna happen. I am taking summer classes in order to keep this dream alive because in the fall I will be co-oping off campus. My biggest time-consumer besides academics is definitely hockey. I have been playing since I can remember and actually went to a boarding school in New England to pursue further aspirations in hockey. I have also always wanted to be an engineer and am from Georgia. Ultimately I was led to Tech to pursue my goals while also continuing my passion for hockey with the Georgia Tech Hockey  Team. We had a great season and made it to nationals, finishing in the top 16 teams in the country. I also have started to play guitar and have a twin that goes to Clemson.

I am in the online section while taking classes on campus at Tech. I had to do the online section because it was the only way I could get into this section, as one of my classes has the same timing as the actual in-person section of this course.

Last fall I took English 1101 here at Tech, I also came from a high school that heavily focused on humanities. In the past most of my experiences with english classes has focused almost completely on written communication in many forms. Because of this I would have to say my favorite form of communication is written. I also believe that with the huge focus on written communication my skills in the other form are somewhat lacking, specifically oral communication. Last fall, because of the freedom the woven curriculum provides, I decided to focus on my oral communication. Building off of this, I would like to again focuson my oral communication in order to solidify the improvements I made in this mode last fall. Hopefully a semester off wasn’t enough to lose these gains.

I had never heard of Hamilton before this class, let alone any musical really. I frankly have no feelings of like or dislike towards the musical genre because I have never seen one. I am writing this blog after listening to the songs required for the first class and with this new experience I can officially say I like this musical. I like hip-hop and I did not know hip-hop musicals exist. It is very exciting and fun to listen to something new. The symbolism and importance of every layer in each song is astounding.

I am excited for the rest of the summer!