Basis for chapter 3 (applications)
FORTRAN – FORTRAN (Formula Translation), is a computer programming language created in 1957 by John Backus that reduced the programming process and made computer programming more approachable. FORTRAN’s introduction in 1957 represented a watershed moment in the evolution of computer programming languages. Previous programming was done in machine or assembly languages, which required the programmer to write instructions in binary or hexadecimal arithmetic. Frustrated with the tedious nature of such programming, Backus sought a simpler, more accessible method of communicating with computers. During the three-year development stage, Backus led an eclectic team of ten International Business Machines (IBM) personnel to establish a language that blended a sort of English shorthand with algebraic equations. These equations involved applications of the Collat equences.
Dynamic Systems – Used in fluid mechanics, biology, physics, chemistry and many aspects of the natural world. Collat problem is very nice for understanding this.
Other applications include signal processing, encryption.
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